Vocabulary Challenge 18: https://tw.voicetube.com/everyday/20190626
Script:
Jean Piaget? Who’s he? Isn’t Piaget 伯爵 the name of a watch company? Well, yes, and no. 這不是伯爵著名的奢華鐘錶珠寶品牌嗎?
No, no, no! Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development and he placed great importance on the education of children.
He believes that “only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent or gradual.”
If you are going to become a teacher, then you will study his works for sure.
Jean Piaget 是近代最有名的發展心理學家，同時也是哲學家。他的認知發展理論成為了這個學科的典範。
Piaget believes that the principal goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done.
學校教育的主要目標應該是培養能夠做新事物的男女，而不是簡單地重複其他幾代人所做的事情。
Do you agree with him?
Our advanced cognitive abilities allow us to understand abstract concepts such as success and failure, love and hate.
我們進步的認知能力讓我們能夠理解抽象概念，例如成功和失敗、愛和恨。
So let’s say this sentence again.
Our advanced cognitive abilities allow us to understand abstract concepts such as success and failure, love and hate.
Faster
Our advanced cognitive abilities allow us to understand abstract concepts such as success and failure, love and hate.
OK, that’s a long sentence. What are the possible thought groups? 「字組」
Our advanced cognitive abilities (1)
allow us to understand abstract concepts (2)
such as success and failure, love and hate.(3)
I would probably connect 2 and 3. How about you? Why?
我可能會把第二字組和第三字組連起來. 你呢? 為什麼?
How about intonation? 語調
Our advanced cognitive abilities allow us (rise)
to understand abstract concepts (fall)
such as success and failure, love and hate.(fall)
We also use falling intonation when we say something definite, or when we want to be very clear about something.
當我們說出明確的話，或者當我們想要非常清楚某些事情時，我們也會使用下降語調。
What about the sentence stress? 句子的重音 You could say:
Our advanced cognitive abilities allows us (rise)
to understand abstract concepts (fall)
such as success and failure, love and hate.(fall)
So here, we want to stress advanced, concepts, success, failure, love, and hate as these are the most important content words. Words and concepts such as cognitive abilities are also stressed but not as much since listeners already know we are talking about them.
因為這些是最重要的content words。像cognitive abilities也會句子，但並有很多，因為聽眾已經知道我們正在談論這些字了。
OK, it’s grammar time!!! 大家最愛的文法時間到了!!! Are you ready!!!!
Today, we have a useful structure you can use:
Our advanced cognitive abilities allow us (rise)
to understand abstract concepts (fall)
such as success and failure, love and hate.(fall)
such as 例如，比如
That money is to cover costs such as travel and accommodation.
那筆錢是用來支付交通費和住宿費的。
不用接著列出上面提過所有的東西:
I enjoy eating citrus fruits such as orange and grapefruit.
I enjoy eating three types of citrus fruits such as orange, grapefruit, and lemon. Wait! No one enjoys eating lemon so we know this speaker is lying.
for example, such as, like, namely 的區別
OK, let’s take a break!
So, have you watched the video yet?
Before we get to that, let’s talk about education. I mention in the beginning, that Piaget believes that the principal goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done.
學校教育的主要目標應該是培養能能創新的的男女，而不是簡單地重複幾代人所做的事情。
He also believes that the second goal of education is to form minds which can be critical, can verify, and not accept everything they are offered. The great danger today is of slogans, collective opinions, ready-made trends of thought. We have to be able to resist individually, to criticize, to distinguish between what is proven and what is not.
教育的第二個目標是形成能夠批判，可以驗證，並且不接受所提供的一切的思想。 今天社會存在最大的危險是喊口號，集體意見，盲目跟隨現成的思想趨勢。我們必須能夠單獨抵制，批評，區分已證實和未經過驗證的事物。
So we need pupils who are active; who learn early to find out by themselves, partly by their own spontaneous activity and partly through materials we selected for them, and who learn early to tell what is verifiable and what is simply the first idea to come to them.
所以我們需要活躍的學生;能夠學會自己發現，部分是通過自發性的探索，部分是通過教育者為他們設置的學習題材，以及知道什麼是可證實的，不需要思考的反應。
After you listen to this. What should you think? Well, you shouldn’t just listen to me. You should research, examine, and question what I said, what Piaget said. Do you agree with him? Why or why not?
OK, let’s get back to English learning!
| Word | Form |
| Word of the day!
1. cognitive connected with thinking or conscious mental processes 感知的；認知的；認識力的 cognitive functions 認知功能 認知行為／認知發展 Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired. 她的部分認知能力受到了損害。 cognitive psychology 認知心理學 |
(adj.) |
| 2. abstract
existing as an idea, feeling, or quality, not as a material object 抽象的；純理論的；純概念的 abstract idea/concept 抽象的想法/概念等 Truth and beauty are abstract concepts. 真和美都是抽象的概念。 I just want to mention here, an antonym of abstract is concrete as an adjective. clear and certain, or real and existing in a form that can be seen or felt 確定的，確實的；具體的，有形的，實在的 這樣子我偷偷加了好幾個字~ |
(adj.) |
| 3. intuitive
based on feelings rather than facts or proof 直覺的；憑直覺的 an intuitive approach/judgment 憑直覺的方法／判斷 Most people have an intuitive sense of right and wrong. 大多數人具有基於直覺的是非感。 You will hear intuition, the noun form, a lot. Intuition 直覺；直覺力 |
(adj.) |
| 4. generalization
a written or spoken statement in which you say or write that something is true all of the time when it is only true some of the time 普遍化，歸納陳述，給出普遍性的論述 The report is full of errors and sweeping/broad generalizations. 這份報告滿是錯誤和以偏概全的泛論。 Generalization can be dangerous. 普遍化的歸納可能會很危險。 |
(n.)
|
| 5. hypothetical
imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true 假定的，假設的 a hypothetical example/situation 假設的例子／情況 This is all very hypothetical but supposing Jackie got the job, how would that affect you? 這當然全是假設，不過如果傑基得到那份工作，對你又會有甚麼影響呢？ |
(adj.) |
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